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31.
Aurein 1.2 is an antimicrobial and anticancer peptide isolated from an Australian frog. To improve our understanding of the mechanism of action, two series of peptides were designed. The first series includes the N-terminal membrane anchor of bacterial glucose-specific enzyme IIA, aurein 1.2, and a newly identified aurein 1.2 analog from human LL-37 (LLAA). The order of antibacterial activity is LLAA > aurein 1.2 >> the membrane anchor (inactive). The structure of LLAA in detergent micelles was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, including structural refinement by natural abundance 13Cα, 13Cβ, and 15N chemical shifts. The hydrophobic surface area of the 3D structure is related to the retention time of the peptide on a reverse-phase HPLC column. The higher activity of LLAA compared to aurein 1.2 was attributed to additional cationic residues that enhance the membrane perturbation potential. The second peptide series was created by changing the C-terminal phenylalanine (F13) of aurein 1.2 to either phenylglycine or tryptophan. A closer or further location of the aromatic rings to the peptide backbone in the mutants relative to F13 is proposed to cause a drop in activity. Phenylglycine with unique chemical shifts may be a useful NMR probe for structure-activity relationship studies of antimicrobial peptides. To facilitate potential future use for NMR studies, random-coil chemical shifts for phenylglycine (X) were measured using the synthetic peptide GGXGG. Aromatic rings of phenylalanines in all the peptides penetrated 2-5 Å below the lipid head group and are essential for membrane targeting as illustrated by intermolecular peptide-lipid NOE patterns. 相似文献
32.
M. Jain A. S. Nandwal B. S. Kundu B. Kumar I. S. Sheoran N. Kumar A. Mann S. Kukreja 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(2):303-306
The plants of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) cv. H77-216 were subjected to moderate [soil moisture content (SMC) = 7.3 ± 0.5 %] and severe (SMC = 4.3 ± 0.5 %) drought
by withholding the irrigation at vegetative stage (45 d after sowing). The control plants were maintained at SMC of 11.0 ±
0.5 %. Half of the stressed plants were re-irrigated and their recovery was studied after 2 d. Leaf water potential, osmotic
potential, and relative water content of leaf and root decreased significantly while a sharp rise in proline and total soluble
sugars contents were noticed. Drought induced a significant increase in 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content
and ACC oxidase activity which caused a considerable increase in ethylene evolution. Malondialdehyde content and relative
stress injury were increased under drought whereas reverse was true for ascorbic acid content. The membrane integrity of roots
decreased during stress and recovered on rehydration. The specific activity of total superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase,
glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase decreased to 37 – 78 %, 17 – 62 %, 29 – 36 % and 57 – 79 % at moderate
and severe drought, respectively. The increase in activity of catalase and peroxidase could not overcome the accumulation
of H2O2 content in the roots. 相似文献
33.
To determine relationships between soil nutrient status and known gradients in primary production, we collected and analyzed
soils from 17 LTER sampling sites along two transects through south Florida wetland ecosystems. Through upstream freshwater
marsh, a middle reach including the oligohaline marsh/mangrove ecotone, and downstream estuarine habitats, we observed systematic
variation in soil bulk density, organic content, and pools of phosphorus (P), inorganic sulfur, and extractable iron. Consistent
with observed differences in wetland productivity known to be limited by P availability, total P averaged ~200 μg g dw−1 in soils from the eastern Taylor Slough/Panhandle and was on average three times higher in soils from the western Shark River
Slough. Along both transects, the largest pool of phosphorus was the inorganic, carbonate-bound fraction, comprising 35–44%
of total P. Greater than 90% of the total inorganic sulfur pool in these south Florida wetland soils was extracted as pyrite.
Freshwater marsh sites typically were lower in pyrite sulfur (0.2–0.8 mg g dw−1) relative to marsh/mangrove ecotone and downstream estuary sites (0.5–2.9 mg g dw−1). Extractable iron in freshwater marsh soils was significantly higher from the Taylor Slough/Panhandle transect (3.2 mg g dw−1) relative to the western Shark River Slough transect (1.1 mg g dw−1), suggesting spatial variation in sources and/or depositional environments for iron. Further, these soil characteristics
represent the collective, integrated signal of ecosystem structure, so any long-term changes in factors like water flow or
water quality may be reflected in changes in bulk soil properties. Since the objective of current Everglades restoration initiatives
is the enhancement and re-distribution of freshwater flows through the south Florida landscape, the antecedent soil conditions
reported here provide a baseline against which future, post-restoration measurements can be compared. 相似文献
34.
10个园林绿化树苗对SO2的反应特性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用开顶式熏气装置对10种2年生园林绿化树苗进行不同浓度的SO2胁迫,并对其叶片气体交换特征参数进行了测定,研究了参试树种对SO2的生理反应及其在绿化中的应用.结果表明:在SO2胁迫条件下,大多数树种的净光合速率(P n)、蒸腾速率(T r)和气孔导度(G s)均出现下降趋势,下降幅度因树种和SO2浓度不同而有较大差异.树种P n与G s、T r与G s之间存在显著线性正相关关系,但是随SO2浓度增加,P n与G s以及T r与G s线性相关的显著程度被削弱,表现出SO2胁迫下不同树种P n变化与G s变化、T r变化与G s变化的复杂性.根据P n下降幅度将树种分为3种类型:轻度敏感(3种)、中度敏感(4种)和高度敏感树种(3种). 相似文献
35.
吸附法纯化苦荞麦总黄酮的工艺研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用正交实验设计,对影响苦养麦总黄酮纯化工艺的因素进行了系统研究。结果发现,影响吸附法纯化苦养麦总黄酮的主次因素为吸附剂的种类〉洗脱液(乙醇)浓度〉静置吸附时间〉上样量,其中吸附剂的种类、洗脱液(乙醇)浓度以及静置吸附时间均对苦养麦总黄酮的纯化有显著性影响;吸附法纯化苦养麦总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:AB-8树脂为苦养麦总黄酮最佳纯化吸附剂、95%乙醇洗脱、静置吸附时间30min、上样量1mL。 相似文献
36.
不同采收期宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的果实为常用的传统中药,其有效成分主要为黄酮类化合物。研究发现,黄酮类成分具有止咳、平喘、祛痰之功效,并能扩张冠状动脉及降低血胆固醇,有增强心脏收缩、减少心脏搏动数及明显的抗氧化等作用。有研究表明,枸杞干叶中黄酮含量高于枸杞干果。因而,作者对不同采收时期青海产宁夏枸杞叶中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较,以期为扩大黄酮类成分的药源及确定枸杞叶的最佳采收期提供一定的参考依据。 相似文献
37.
Frederick J. Warren Peter J. ButterworthPeter R. Ellis 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2013
Background
Starch is a main source of carbohydrate in human diets, but differences are observed in postprandial glycaemia following ingestion of different foods containing identical starch contents. Such differences reflect variations in rates at which different starches are digested in the intestine. In seeking explanations for these differences, we have studied the interaction of α-amylase with starch granules. Understanding this key step in digestion should help with a molecular understanding for observed differences in starch digestion rates.Methods
For enzymes acting upon solid substrates, a Freundlich equation relates reaction rate to enzyme adsorption at the surface. The Freundlich exponent (n) equals 2/3 for a liquid-smooth surface interface, 1/3 for adsorption to exposed edges of ordered structures and 1.0 for solution–solution interfaces. The topography of a number of different starch granules, revealed by Freundlich exponents, was compared with structural data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total internal reflectance (FTIR-ATR).Results
Enzyme binding rate and FTIR-ATR peak ratio were directly proportional to n and ΔgelH was inversely related to n. Amylase binds fastest to solubilised starch and to granules possessing smooth surfaces at the solid–liquid interface and slowest to granules possessing ordered crystalline surfaces.Conclusions
Freundlich exponents provide information about surface blocklet structures of starch that supplements knowledge obtained from physical methods.General Significance
Nanoscale structures at the surface of starch granules influence hydrolysis by α-amylase. This can be important in understanding how dietary starch is digested with relevance to diabetes, cardiovascular health and cancer. 相似文献38.
Maggie Roy Marie Hennebelle Valérie St-Pierre Alexandre Courchesne-Loyer Mélanie Fortier Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore Jean-Louis Gallis Marie-Christine Beauvieux Stephen C. Cunnane 《Neurochemistry international》2013
The effect of long-term calorie restriction (CR) on metabolites, fatty acid profiles and energy substrate transporter expression in the brain was assessed in aged rats. Three groups of male Sprague–Dawley rats were studied: (i) a 2 month old ad libitum-fed (2AL group), (ii) a 19 month old ad libitum-fed (19AL group), and (iii) a 19 month old group subjected to 40% CR from the age of 7.5 to 19 months (19CR group). The diet contained high sucrose and low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) so as to imitate a Western-style diet. High resolution magic angle spinning-1H NMR showed an effect of aging on brain cortex metabolites compared to 2AL rats, the largest differences being for myo-inositol (+251% and +181%), lactate (+203% and +188%), β-hydroxybutyrate (+176% and +618%) and choline (+148% and +120%), in 19AL and 19 CR rats, respectively. However, brain metabolites did not differ between the 19AL and 19CR groups. Cortex fatty acid profiles showed that n-3 PUFA were 35–47% lower but monounsaturated fatty acids were 40–52% higher in 19AL and 19CR rats compared to 2AL rats. Brain microvessel glucose transporter (GLUT1) was 68% higher in 19AL rats than in 2AL rats, while the monocarboxylate transporter, MCT1, was 61% lower in 19CR rats compared to 19AL rats. We conclude that on a high-sucrose, low n-3 PUFA diet, the brain of aged AL rats had higher metabolites and microvessel GLUT1 expression compared to 2AL rats. However, long-term CR in aged rats did not markedly change brain metabolite or fatty acid profile, but did reduce brain microvessel MCT1 expression. 相似文献
39.
Di Fang Xue Liu Ruichang Zhang Wenjing Deng Lixiang Zhou 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(6):473-478
The potential of a hybrid process incorporating sulfur-based bioleaching and sulfide-based precipitation for treatment of metal-contaminated soil was examined in batch-type experiments. The sulfur-based soil bioleaching process with Acidithiobacillus sp. could be initiated at a wide range of initial pH from 4.0 to 6.3. After 15 days, 98% of Zn, 89% of Cu and 79% of Cd was bioleached. The gaseous sulfides recycling from Desulfovibrio sp.-mediated sulfate-reducing reactor via N2 sparging efficiently treated metal-loaded soil leachate. With a sulfide/metal ratio of 3.0, 88% of Zn, 100% of Cu and 95% of Cd were precipitated, resulting in effluent metal concentrations of 3.5 mg Zn2+/L, 0.2 mg Cu2+/L and 0.03 mg Cd2+/L. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Geomicrobiology Journal to view the supplemental file. 相似文献
40.
Stanley C. Lorbach Jessup M. Shively Vincenzo Buonfiglio 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(3-4):219-226
Abstract Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 was grown with elemental sulfur as the energy source. Substrate oxidation was measured using a Clark‐type oxygen electrode. Whole cells demonstrated a broad pH optimum for sulfur oxidation between pH 2.0 and 8.0. The V max and Ksfor sulfur oxidation varied depending on pH. Sulfite was oxidized at 227 nmol O2/min/mg protein. Thiosulfate oxidation was slow, and tetrathionate oxidation was not detected. At a concentration of 2 mM, sodium azide completely inhibited sulfur, sulfite, and thiosulfate oxidation. Inhibition by N‐ethylmaleimide, antimycin A, and 2‐heptyl‐4‐hydroxyquinoline N‐oxide varied with substrate. 相似文献